Teide is a stratovolcano that has experienced varied activity throughout its geological history. Its eruptions can vary in intensity and type of lava, leading to unique geological formations on the island. There are mainly two types of eruptions associated with Teide: explosive eruptions, where magma is released violently, causing the expulsion of ash and rocks, and effusive eruptions, which are more common and consist of continuous, calmer lava flows.
Regarding lava, Teide primarily produces two types: pahoehoe lava, which is more fluid and forms smooth, wavy surfaces, and 'aa' lava, which is more viscous and forms irregular, rough blocks. These eruptions and types of lava have been fundamental in shaping the volcanic landscape of Tenerife, creating lava fields and rock formations that can be seen in the Teide National Park.
Types of eruptions in Teide:
- Explosive eruptions: This type of eruption is characterized by the violent release of energy, causing the expulsion of gas, ash, and rock fragments into the air. Explosive eruptions are more intense and can generate large columns of volcanic material, visible from great distances. Although Teide does not usually present extremely explosive eruptions, throughout its history, it has experienced events of this type, which have contributed to the formation of certain landscapes and ash deposits on the island.
- Effusive eruptions: These are the most common type of eruption in Teide, characterized by continuous flows of lava that emerge from the volcano's craters in a calm and fluid manner. The lava moves more gently and steadily, creating large lava flows that solidify as they cool. This type of eruption has been responsible for the formation of vast lava plains and the spectacular rock formations we can observe today in Teide National Park.
Types of lava in Teide:
- Pahoehoe lava: This type of lava is more fluid and is characterized by its ability to move quickly, forming smooth and wavy surfaces that resemble a skin-like texture. Pahoehoe lava is lighter and flows more easily, creating a more harmonious and curved landscape in its path. This type of lava is more common in Teide's effusive eruptions and can create very distinctive formations ideal for observation.
- 'Aa' lava: Unlike pahoehoe lava, 'aa' lava is more viscous and thick, causing it to flow more slowly and solidify quickly. This lava forms irregular, rough, and jagged blocks, creating a much more rugged and uneven landscape. 'Aa' lava is generally more destructive due to its higher viscosity, and its formation results in volcanic structures of great geological interest.